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The best-known speculum is the bivalved vaginal specula; the two blades are hinged and are "closed" when the speculum is inserted to facilitate its entry and "opened" in its final position where they can be arrested by a screw mechanism, so that the operator is freed from keeping the blades apart

A cylindrical-shaped speculum, introduced in 2001, the dilating speculum inflates the vagina with filtered air. (see diagram) The device has two main functions: a) to take a cervical brush or a cytology brush; and b) as an internal colposcope so that the operator can pivot the Veda-scope to view any part of the vagina barrel and cervix facilitated by an internal light source that can illuminate the vaginal wall and cervix with multi-coloured light filters. It also has a facility to attach a digital camera for viewing and recording.

Dilating vaginal speculum inflating vagina and light illuminating (cervical brush inserts through top inlet)
A specialized form of vaginal speculum is the weighted speculum, which consists of a broad half tube which is bent at about a 90 degree angle, with the channel of the tube on the exterior side of the angle. One end of the tube has a roughly spherical metal weight surrounding the channel of the speculum. A weighted speculum is placed in the vagina during vaginal surgery with the patient in the lithotomy position. The weight holds the speculum in place and frees the surgeon's hands for other tasks. A vaginal speculum is also used in fertility treatments, particularly artificial insemination, and allows the vaginal cavity to be opened and observed thereby facilitating the deposit of semen into the vagina


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An instrument for examining visually the interior of a bodily canal or hollow organ such as the colon, bladder, or stomach.

An endoscope is a thin flexible tube which uses a lens or miniature camera to view various areas of the gastrointestinal tract. When the procedure is performed to examine certain organs such as the bile ducts or pancreas, the organs are not viewed directly, but rather indirectly through the injection of x-ray dye. The performance of an exam using an endoscope is referred by the general term endoscopy. 

to look
an illuminated optic instrument for the visualization of the interior of a body cavity or organ. Instruments are available in varying lengths. The fiberoptic endoscope has great flexibility, reaching previously inaccessible areas. Although the endoscope is generally introduced through a natural opening in the body, it may also be inserted through an incision. 

 Although the design may vary according to the specific use, all endoscopes have similar working elements. The viewing part (scope) may be a hollow metal or fiber tube fitted with a lens system that permits viewing in a variety of directions. There is also a light source, power cord, and power source. Accessories that might be used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes include suction tip, tubes, and suction pump;  an electrode tip for cauterization; as well as a video camera, video monitors, and image recorder

19.20, 15.11.12.      Wiki